Abstract

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Author(s):: WANG Jiaqi? ? ZHANG Yibao? YANG Daoke?/html>; 1. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China 3. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing)/Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China

Keywords:: glioblastoma tumor treating fields safety combination therapy review

Abstract:: Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system in adults. Even after standard treatment combining surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, its recurrence rate remains relatively high. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is a non-invasive physical therapeutic modality newly approved for clinical intervention in GBM, and its core mechanism involves applying low-intensity, intermediate-frequency alternating electric fields to specific regions, thereby inhibiting tumor cell mitosis by disrupting spindle microtubule assembly and other pathways. As monotherapy, TTFields shows limited improvements in efficacy. Therefore, the focus of current research has gradually shifted towards combining TTFields with other treatment modalities. This review summarizes the core molecular mechanisms through which TTFields exerts anti-tumor effects, discusses its combined applications with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and other treatment strategies, and analyzes the biological basis and clinical advances of their synergistic effects. Furthermore, this study clarifies the role of TTFields in the comprehensive treatment framework for GBM, aiming to provide a reference for optimizing future clinical protocols.