Abstract

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Title:: Advances in noninvasive neuromodulation methods based on temporally interfering electric fields

Author(s):: ZHU Haoran; HUAI Ruituo; ZHANG Pingqiu; WANG Hui; College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266400, China

Keywords:: Keywords: temporally interfering electric field non-invasive brain stimulation neuromodulation focality review

Abstract:: Abstract: Temporally interfering electric fields (TI) is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation method that can be applied to produce effects of locality in the central and peripheral nervous system. Although the stimulation effect of TI has been proven, its focality, stimulation depth and modulation mechanism still remain unclear. Therefore, TI has become one of the research hotspots in non-invasive stimulation in recent years. TI changes the activity of neurons in the action area through the frequency difference generated by two groups of non-interference high-frequency alternating current flowing through the tissues, so as to achieve the non-invasive regulation of nerve function in the stimulation area. Up to now, TI has been studied in many aspects, such as magnetic induction TI, alternating current interference, pulse crossover strategy of transcranial direct current stimulation, etc. Herein the advances in TI non-invasive neuromodulation methods are discussed from the aspects of its principle, focality and applications and the existing problems and challenges of TI stimulation are pointed out and finally, an outlook on the research trends and directions of TI non-invasive neuromodulation methods is provided.